TY - JOUR
T1 - Obstructive lung disease does not increase lung cancer mortality among female never-smokers in Hong Kong
AU - Leung, Chi Chiu
AU - Lam, T. H.
AU - Yew, W. W.
AU - Law, W. S.
AU - Tam, C. M.
AU - Chang, K. C.
AU - McGhee, S.
AU - Tam, S. Y.
AU - Chan, K. F.
PY - 2012/4/1
Y1 - 2012/4/1
N2 - SETTING: High lung cancer mortality is observed among female never-smokers in Hong Kong. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between obstructive lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma) and lung cancer mortality by sex and smoking status. DESIGN: A cohort of elderly clients (aged ≥65 years) in a health maintenance programme were followed prospectively through linkage with the territory-wide death registry for causes of death, using identity card number as the unique identifier. RESULTS: After 516 055 person-years of follow-up, respectively 1297, 872 and 1908 deaths were caused by lung cancer, other tobacco-related malignancies and non-tobacco- related malignancies. In the overall analysis, obstructive lung disease was independently associated with mortality due to lung cancer (aHR 1.86, P < 0.001) after adjustment for potential confounders. However, no association was detected among female never-smokers (HR 0.97, P = 0.909), in sharp contrast with female eversmokers, male never-smokers and male ever-smokers (HR 1.98, 2.34 and 2.09, respectively, P from 0.047 to <0.001). Consistent results were observed after exclusion of all deaths in the initial 3 years. CONCLUSION: Obstructive lung disease exerted differential effects on lung cancer mortality across different sex and smoking subgroups in this Asian population, with a conspicuous absence of effect among female never-smokers.
AB - SETTING: High lung cancer mortality is observed among female never-smokers in Hong Kong. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between obstructive lung disease (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and/or asthma) and lung cancer mortality by sex and smoking status. DESIGN: A cohort of elderly clients (aged ≥65 years) in a health maintenance programme were followed prospectively through linkage with the territory-wide death registry for causes of death, using identity card number as the unique identifier. RESULTS: After 516 055 person-years of follow-up, respectively 1297, 872 and 1908 deaths were caused by lung cancer, other tobacco-related malignancies and non-tobacco- related malignancies. In the overall analysis, obstructive lung disease was independently associated with mortality due to lung cancer (aHR 1.86, P < 0.001) after adjustment for potential confounders. However, no association was detected among female never-smokers (HR 0.97, P = 0.909), in sharp contrast with female eversmokers, male never-smokers and male ever-smokers (HR 1.98, 2.34 and 2.09, respectively, P from 0.047 to <0.001). Consistent results were observed after exclusion of all deaths in the initial 3 years. CONCLUSION: Obstructive lung disease exerted differential effects on lung cancer mortality across different sex and smoking subgroups in this Asian population, with a conspicuous absence of effect among female never-smokers.
KW - Gender
KW - Lung cancer
KW - Obstructive lung disease
KW - Tobacco
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U2 - 10.5588/ijtld.11.0573
DO - 10.5588/ijtld.11.0573
M3 - Article
C2 - 22325953
AN - SCOPUS:84858634454
SN - 1027-3719
VL - 16
SP - 546
EP - 552
JO - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
JF - International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease
IS - 4
ER -