Comparison of screening methods for detection of extended-spectrum β- lactamases and their prevalence among Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in Hong Kong

Three tests, the disk diffusion test, the double-disc synergy test and the inhibitor-potentiated disc diffusion test, were compared for their abilities to detect production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) in 702 Escherichia coli and 472 Klebsiella spp. strains from four hospitals. Eleven percent E. coli and 13% Klebsiella spp. were found to produce ESBL. As an indicator of ESBL activity, the sensitivities of the five extended- spectrum β-lactams were as follows: cefotaxime (100%), cefpodoxime (99.3%), ceftriaxone (98.6%), aztreonam (93%) and ceftazidime (57.7%) when interpreted using the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards criteria. Their positive predictive values ranged from 67.8-83.8%. Both the inhibitor- potentiated disc diffusion test and the double-disc synergy test (at three inter-disc widths of 20, 25 and 30 mm) were capable of identifying all the ESBL-producers. However, at a single inter-disc width of 30 mm, the double- disc synergy test has limited sensitivity (83.8%). As a second test for confirming ESBL activity in strains with reduced susceptibility to β- lactams, the inhibitor-potentiated disc diffusion test is therefore a simple and reliable option.